Benito+Mussolini+(Selina,+Philip)

__ V ____ ocabulary: __ Triple Alliance: A military alliance between Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy. Socialism: any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods.
 * __Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini:__ **

__ Background: __ Mussolini did not take to school. He found that he rebelled against most things. Catholic monks ran his first school. His mother had insisted on him attending such a school but his behaviour was so bad that he got expelled from it. Mussolini did better at his next school and he went on to become a qualified teacher even if he was not interested in teaching. Mussolini had developed passions for politics. Benitos father, Alessandro, was a blacksmith while his mother, Rosa, was a school teacher. Mussolini had a younger brother and younger sister. Despite having two incomes coming in to the house, the Mussolini’s were poor, as were many families inItaly at this time. Mussolini started working briefly as a schoolteacher, then fled to Switzerland in 1902 so that he could avoid military service. In 1904 he returned to Italy and over the next ten years he worked as a journalist and eventually became editor of Avanti. Mussolini was active in the socialist movement but moved to the right in 1914 when the Italian government failed to support the Triple Alliance. In 1915 Mussolini resigned from the Socialist Party when it advocated support for the Allies in WW1. __ Creation of fascist party: __ By the time Mussolini returned from Allied service in World War I, he had decided that socialism as a doctrine had largely been a failure. In 1917, Mussolini got his start in politics with the help of a £100 weekly wage from MI5, the British Security Service; this help was authorised by Sir Samuel Hoare. In early 1918, Mussolini called for the emergence of a man "ruthless and energetic enough to make a clean sweep" to revive the Italian nation. Much later in life Mussolini said he felt by 1919 "Socialism as a doctrine was already dead; it continued to exist only as a grudge". On 23 March 1919, Mussolini reformed the Milan fascio as the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento (Italian Combat Squad), consisting of 200 members.

__ Books By Benito: __ Benito wrote quite a few books, most being about himself. He also wrote a fiction story called //The Cardinal's Mistress.// This is a sad romance, and the main character gets assassinated and her lover is left behind. His other books include: The Doctrine of Fascism The Life of Benito Mussolini Mussolini Memoirs and many more.

__ Events: __ **1883**- Mussolini was born **1919**- he forms the fascist movement in Milan Italy **1922**- Mussolini becomes premier of Italy 1 **1922**- Mussolini forms cabinet in Italy **1922**- Mussolini marches on Rome **1923**- The fascist Voluntary Militia forms in Italy under Mussolini **10 Jun 1924**- Socialist Giacomo Matteotti disappears from Rome and the Italian parliament after speaking against Benito Mussolini and his fascists. His body was found in a shallow grave three days later. **1924**- Mussolini disallows all non-fascist work unions. **1924**- The Mussolini government exchanges diplomats with the USSR. **1925**- Mussolini dissolves Italian parliament/becomes dictator **1928**- Mussolini ends woman’s rights in Italy **1928**- Mussolini modifies Italy electoral system (abolishes right to choose) **1932**- 'Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica', the world's first film festival, is inaugurated by Mussolini at the Lido in Venice. **1934**- Dollfuss, Mussolini & Gömbös sign Donau Pact (protocols of Rome) **1935**- Ezra Pound meets Mussolini, reads from a draft of "Cantos" **1936**- Mussolini describes alliance between Italy & Germany as an "axis" **10 Jun 1940**- Mussolini joins Hitler in Germany's war and Italy declares war against France & Britain <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**1940**- Adolph Hitler & Benito Mussolini confer at Brenner Pass in the Alps <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**26 Jul 1943**- Italian leader Mussolini resigns and is arrested <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**28 Apr 1945**- Mussolini is captured and hanged by Italian partisans.

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